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NEW QUESTION # 63
Which document is the BEST source for descriptions of each practice or process contained within the various CMMC domains?
- A. CMMC Appendices
- B. CMMC Glossary
- C. CMMC Assessment Guide Levels 1 and 2
- D. CMMC Assessment Process
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 64
An OSC has requested a C3PAO to conduct a Level 2 Assessment. The C3PAO has agreed, and the two organizations have collaborated to develop the Assessment Plan. Who agrees to and signs off on the Assessment Plan?
- A. OSC and CMMC-AB
- B. OSC and Sponsor
- C. C3PAO and Assessment Official
- D. Lead Assessor and C3PAO
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 65
An organization that manufactures night vision cameras is looking for help to address the gaps identified in physical access control systems. Which certified individual should they approach for implementation support?
- A. Practitioner of the organization performing the assessment LTP
- B. RP of an organization not part of the assessment
- C. DoD Contract Official of the organization performing the assessment
- D. CCA of the C3PAO performing the assessment
Answer: B
Explanation:
Anorganization seeking helpto address security gaps-such asphysical access control deficiencies-needs acertified professional who can provide implementation supportwithoutbeing involved in the actual CMMC assessment.
A Registered Practitioner (RP)is a CMMC-certified individualwho provides consulting and implementation supportto organizations butdoes not perform assessments.
RPs work independently from C3PAOsand canassist in fixing gapsin security controlsbeforeorafteran assessment.
Since RPs are not assessors, they can provide direct remediation supportwithout any conflict of interest.
The OSC needs assistance in implementing security controls(not assessment).
An RP is trained and authorized to provide remediation and advisory services.
Conflict of interest rules prevent the assessing C3PAO from providing implementation support.
A). CCA of the C3PAO performing the assessment (Incorrect)
ACertified CMMC Assessor (CCA)is responsible for conducting the assessmentonly.
TheC3PAO performing the assessment cannot also provide remediationdue to aconflict of interest.
C). Practitioner of the Organization Performing the Assessment LTP (Incorrect) The assessmentLead Technical Practitioner (LTP)cannot provide remediation support for an OSC they are assessing.
D). DoD Contract Official of the Organization Performing the Assessment (Incorrect) DoD Contract Officialsoversee contract compliance butdo not provide cybersecurity implementation support.
The correct answer isB. RP of an organization not part of the assessment, asonly independent RPs can assist with remediation and implementation support.
References:
CMMC 2.0 Registered Practitioner (RP) Program
CMMC Code of Professional Conduct (CoPC) Conflict of Interest Policy
CMMC 2.0 Assessment Process (CAP) Guide
NEW QUESTION # 66
In late September. CA.L2-3.12.1: Periodically assess the security controls in organizational systems to determine if the controls are effective in their application is assessed. Procedure specifies that a security control assessment shall be conducted quarterly. The Lead Assessor is only provided the first quarter assessment report because the person conducting the second quarter's assessment is currently out of the office and will return to the office in two hours. Based on this information, the Lead Assessor should determine that the evidence is;
- A. sufficient, and re-rate the audit finding after a quarter two assessment report is examined.
- B. sufficient, and rate the audit finding as MET
- C. insufficient, and re-rate the audit finding after a quarter two assessment report is examined.
- D. insufficient, and rate the audit finding as NOT MET.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 67
When assessing SI.L2-3.14.6: Monitor communications for attack, the CCA interviews the person responsible for the intrusion detection system and examines relevant policies and procedures for monitoring organizational systems. What would be a possible next step the CCA could conduct to gather sufficient evidence?
- A. Upload known malicious code and observe the system response.
- B. Review an artifact to check key references for the configuration of the IDS or IPS practice for additional guidance on intrusion detection and prevention systems.
- C. Interview the intrusion detection system's supplier.
- D. Conduct a penetration test
Answer: B
Explanation:
Understanding SI.L2-3.14.6: Monitor Communications for AttacksThe practiceSI.L2-3.14.6fromNIST SP
800-171(aligned with CMMC Level 2) requires an organization tomonitor organizational communications for indicators of attack. This typically includes:
#Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)andIntrusion Prevention Systems (IPS)
#Log analysis and network monitoring
#Incident response planningfor detected threats
As part of aCMMC Level 2 assessment, theCertified CMMC Assessor (CCA)must ensure that theOSC (Organization Seeking Certification)hasproperly implemented and documenteditsmonitoring capabilities.
* TheCCA must collect sufficient objective evidenceto determine compliance.
* Reviewing anartifact(such as system configurations, IDS/IPS logs, or security policies)helps validatethat intrusion detection is properly implemented.
* Configuration settings providedirect evidenceof whethermonitoring for attacksis effectively applied.
Why "Review an artifact to check key references for the configuration of the IDS or IPS" is Correct?
Breakdown of Answer ChoicesOption
Description
Correct?
A: Conduct a penetration test
#Incorrect-Penetration testing isnot requiredfor CMMC Level 2 assessments and falls outside an assessor's responsibilities.
B: Interview the intrusion detection system's supplier.
#Incorrect-Thesupplier does not determine compliance; the assessor needs evidence from theOSC's implementation.
C: Upload known malicious code and observe the system response.
#Incorrect-This would beinvasive testing, which isnot part of a CMMC assessment.
D: Review an artifact to check key references for the configuration of the IDS or IPS practice for additional guidance on intrusion detection and prevention systems.
#Correct - Reviewing system artifacts provides direct evidence of compliance with SI.L2-3.14.6.
* NIST SP 800-171 SI.L2-3.14.6- Requires monitoring communications for attack indicators.
* CMMC Assessment Process Guide (CAP)- Describesartifact reviewas an essential assessment method.
Official References from CMMC 2.0 and NIST SP 800-171 DocumentationFinal Verification and ConclusionThe correct answer isD. Review an artifact to check key references for the configuration of the IDS or IPS practice for additional guidance on intrusion detection and prevention systems.
This aligns withCMMC 2.0 Level 2 assessment requirementsandSI.L2-3.14.6 compliance verification.
NEW QUESTION # 68
In preparation for a CMMC Level 1 Self-Assessment, the IT manager for a DIB organization is documenting asset types in the company's SSP The manager determines that identified machine controllers and assembly machines should be documented as Specialized Assets. Which type of Specialized Assets has the manager identified and documented?
- A. Restricted IS
- B. loT
- C. Operational technology
- D. Test equipment
Answer: C
Explanation:
Understanding Specialized Assets in a CMMC Self-AssessmentDuringCMMC Level 1 Self-Assessments, organizations must classify theirassetsin theSystem Security Plan (SSP).
* Operational Technology (OT)includesmachine controllers, industrial control systems (ICS), and assembly machines.
* Thesesystems control physical processesin manufacturing, energy, and industrial environments.
* OT assets are distinct from traditional IT systemsbecause they haveunique security considerations(e.g., real-time control, legacy system constraints).
Specialized Asset Type: Operational Technology (OT)
* A. IoT (Internet of Things) # Incorrect
* IoT devicesinclude smart home systems, connected sensors, and networked appliances, butmachine controllers and assembly machines fall under OT, not IoT.
* B. Restricted IS # Incorrect
* Restricted Information Systems (IS) refer to classified or highly controlled systems, whichdoes not apply to standard industrial machines.
* C. Test Equipment # Incorrect
* Test equipment includes diagnostic tools or measurement devicesused forquality assurance, not industrial machine controllers.
* D. Operational Technology # Correct
* Machine controllers and assembly machinesare part ofindustrial automation and control systems, which are classified asOperational Technology (OT).
Why is the Correct Answer "D. Operational Technology"?
* CMMC Scoping Guidance for Level 1 & Level 2 Assessments
* DefinesOperational Technology (OT) as a category of Specialized Assetsthat requirespecific security considerations.
* NIST SP 800-82 (Guide to Industrial Control Systems Security)
* Identifiesmachine controllers and assembly machinesas part ofOperational Technology (OT).
* CMMC 2.0 Asset Classification Guidelines
* Specifies thatOT systems should be documented separately in an organization's SSP.
CMMC 2.0 References Supporting This answer:
NEW QUESTION # 69
When scoping a Level 2 assessment, which document is useful for understanding the process to successfully implement practices required for the various Levels of CMMC?
- A. NISTSP 800-172
- B. NISTSP 800-53
- C. NISTSP 800-171
- D. NISTSP 800-88
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 70
While conducting a CMMC Assessment, an individual from the OSC provides documentation to the assessor for review. The documentation states an incident response capability is established and contains information on incident preparation, detection, analysis, containment, recovery, and user response activities. Which CMMC practice is this documentation attesting to?
- A. IR.L2-3.6.1: Incident Handling
- B. IR.L2-3.6.2: Incident Reporting
- C. IR.L2-3.6.3: Incident Response Testing
- D. IR.L2-3.6.4: Incident Spillage
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 71
An Assessment Team is conducting a Level 2 Assessment at the request of an OSC. The team has begun to score practices based on the evidence provided. At a MINIMUM what is required of the Assessment Team to determine if a practice is scored as MET?
- A. Complete one of the following; examine two artifacts, either observe a satisfactory demonstration of one control or receive one affirmation from the OSC personnel.
- B. All three types of evidence are documented for every control.
- C. Complete two of the following: examine one artifact, either observe a satisfactory demonstration of one control or receive one affirmation from the OSC personnel.
- D. Examine and accept evidence from one of the three evidence types.
Answer: C
Explanation:
This question pertains to theminimum evidence requirementsneeded by a CMMCAssessment Teamto score a practice asMETduring aLevel 2 Assessment.
The CMMC Level 2 assessment must align withNIST SP 800-171and follow the procedures outlined in theCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide v1.0, particularly aroundevidence collection and scoring methodology.
#Step 1: Refer to the CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide v1.0CAP v1.0 - Section 3.5.4: Evaluate Evidence and Score Practices"To assign a MET determination, the Assessment Team must collect and corroborate at least two types of objective evidence: either through examination of artifacts, interviews (affirmation), or testing (demonstration)." This meansat least two typesof the following evidence are required:
Examine(documentation/artifacts),
Interview(affirmation from personnel),
Test(demonstration of implementation).
#Step 2: Clarify the Official Minimum Standard for a Practice to be Scored METThe CAP explicitly states:
"A practice can only be scored MET when a minimum oftwo types of evidencefrom the E-I-T (Examine, Interview, Test) triad are successfully collected and evaluated." Theevidence types must come from two different categories, for example:
An artifact(Examine)+ an interview affirmation(Interview),
A demonstration(Test)+ an interview(Interview),
Etc.
This cross-validation ensures that the control isimplemented, documented, and understoodby personnel - a core principle in assessing effective cybersecurity implementation.
#Why the Other Options Are IncorrectA. All three types of evidence are documented for every control#Incorrect:While collecting all three types (E-I-T) strengthens the assessment, theminimum requirementis onlytwo. Collecting all three isnot requiredfor a practice to be scoredMET.
B). Examine and accept evidence from one of the three evidence types#Incorrect:This fails to meet theminimum two-evidence-type requirementset by the CAP. Single-source evidence is not sufficient to score a practice as MET.
C). Complete one of the following; examine two artifacts, observe one demonstration, or receive one affirmation#Incorrect:Even if two artifacts are examined,this is still only one type of evidence(Examine). The CAP requires twotypes- not two instances of the same type.
#Why D is CorrectD. Complete two of the following: examine one artifact, either observe a satisfactory demonstration of one control or receive one affirmation from the OSC personnel.
# This directly reflects theCAP's requirement for collecting two different types of objective evidenceto determine a practice is MET.
BLUF (Bottom Line Up Front):To score a CMMC Level 2 practice asMET, the Assessment Team must collecta minimum of two distinct types of evidence- from theExamine, Interview, Test (E-I-T)categories.
This requirement is clearly stated in the CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0.
NEW QUESTION # 72
Which entity specifies the required CMMC Level in Requests for Information and Requests for Proposals?
- A. DoD
- B. NARA
- C. Department of Homeland Security
- D. NIST
Answer: A
Explanation:
* TheU.S. Department of Defense (DoD)determines the requiredCMMC Levelbased on thesensitivity of the information involved in a contract.
* The required CMMC Level isspecified in Requests for Information (RFIs) and Requests for Proposals (RFPs).
Reference:
DFARS 252.204-7021 (CMMC Requirements)
CMMC 2.0 Program Documentation
Step 2: Why Other Answer Choices Are IncorrectB. NARA (Incorrect):
TheNational Archives and Records Administration (NARA)overseesCUI program policiesbut does not assign CMMC levels.
C: NIST (Incorrect):
TheNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)develops cybersecurity frameworks (e.g.,NIST SP
800-171), but it does not specify CMMC Levels in contracts.
D: Department of Homeland Security (Incorrect):
TheDepartment of Homeland Security (DHS)is responsible for cybersecurity at the national level, butCMMC applies specifically to DoD contractors.
Final Confirmation of Correct Answer:The DoD determines and specifies the required CMMC Level in RFIs and RFPs.
NEW QUESTION # 73
A Lead Assessor is presenting an assessment kickoff and opening briefing. What topic MUST be included?
- A. Examination of the artifacts for sufficiency
- B. Review of the OSC's SSP
- C. Overview of the assessment process
- D. Gathering evidence
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 74
Which resource contains authoritative data classifications of CUI?
- A. DoD Contractors FAQ
- B. OSC's privacy policies
- C. CMMC-AB
- D. NARA
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 75
A CCP is part of a CMMC Assessment Team interviewing a subject-matter expert on Access Control (AC) within an OSC. During the interview process, what will the CCP ensure about the information exchanged during the interview?
- A. Performed in groups for more efficient use of resources
- B. Mapped to specific CMMC practices to clearly delineate which practice is being evaluated
- C. Confidential and non-attributable so interviewees can speak without fear of reprisal
- D. Recorded for inclusion in the Final Recommended Findings report
Answer: C
Explanation:
Understanding the Role of a CCP in CMMC AssessmentsACertified CMMC Professional (CCP)is responsible for assistingCertified CMMC Assessors (CCA)in evaluating anOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC)during a CMMC assessment. One key aspect of this process isconducting interviewswith Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to verify security practices.
Ensuring that interviewees canspeak freely without fear of retaliationiscriticalto obtainingaccurate and unbiased informationabout the implementation of security controls.
* CMMC Assessment Process and the Role of Interviews
* TheCMMC Assessment Guide (Level 2)outlines that interviews are conducted to confirm that security practices are effectively implemented.
* Interviewees mustfeel comfortable sharing candid responseswithout concern that their statements will lead tonegative consequenceswithin the organization.
* Ensuring Confidentiality and Non-Attribution
* DoD Assessment Methodologyspecifies that interviews should be
conductedconfidentiallytoprotect the identity of interviewees.
* TheCMMC Code of Professional Conduct (CoPC)for assessors and professionals reinforces the requirement to maintain theconfidentialityof assessment participants.
* Non-attributionensures that responses are used for evaluation purposeswithout linking statements to specific individuals.
* Why the Other Answer Choices Are Incorrect:
* (A) Performed in groups for more efficient use of resources:
* Group interviews may prevent individuals from speaking openly.
* Employees might be hesitant to contradict leadership or peers.
* (B) Recorded for inclusion in the Final Recommended Findings report:
* Interviews arenot directly recorded or attributedin assessment reports.
* Instead, findings are documentedwithout identifying specific individuals.
* (D) Mapped to specific CMMC practices to clearly delineate which practice is being evaluated:
* While responsesinformwhich practices are being assessed, theprimary goalof an interview is to ensure accurate,unbiased information gathering.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:Final Validation from CMMC Documentation:According to theCMMC Assessment Guide and DoD Assessment Methodology, interview confidentiality iscrucialto gatheringaccurateandunbiasedresponses. This makesconfidentiality and non-attributionthe correct answer.
Thus, the correct answer is:
C: Confidential and non-attributable so interviewees can speak without fear of reprisal.
NEW QUESTION # 76
In many organizations, the protection of FCI includes devices that are used to scan physical documentation into digital form and print physical copies of digital FCI. What technical control can be used to limit multi- function device (MFD) access to only the systems authorized to access the MFD?
- A. Single administrative account
- B. Access lists only known to the IT administrator
- C. Documentation showing MFD configuration
- D. Virtual LAN restrictions
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 77
A Lead Assessor is performing a CMMC readiness review. The Lead Assessor has already recorded the assessment risk status and the overall assessment feasibility. At MINIMUM, what remaining readiness review criteria should be verified?
- A. Determine the practice pass/fail results.
- B. Determine the logistics. Assessment Team, and the evidence readiness.
- C. Determine the initial model practice ratings and record them.
- D. Determine the preliminary recommended findings.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 78
An organization thatmanufactures night vision cameras is looking for help to address the gaps identified in physical access control systems. Which certified individual should they approach for implementation support?
- A. RP of an organization not part of the assessment
- B. Practitioner of the organization performing the assessment LTP
- C. DoD Contract Official of the organization performing the assessment
- D. CCA of the C3PAO performing the assessment
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 79
A C3PAO is conducting High Level Scoping for an OSC that requested an assessment Which term describes the people, processes, and technology that will be applied to the contract who are requesting a CMMC Level assessment?
- A. Host Unit
- B. Supporting Organization/Units
- C. Coordinating Unit
- D. Branch Office
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 80
Which term describes the prevention of damage to. protection of, and restoration of computers and electronic communications systems/services, including information contained therein, to ensure its availability, integrity, authentication, confidentiality, and nonrepudiation?
- A. Cybersecurity
- B. Network security
- C. Information security
- D. Data security
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 81
Two assessors cannot agree if a certain practice should be rated as MET or NOT MET. Who should they consult to determine the final interpretation?
- A. C3PAO
- B. Lead Assessor
- C. Quality Assurance Assessor
- D. CMMC-AB
Answer: B
Explanation:
The Lead Assessor has the authority to make the final determination in situations where assessors cannot agree on a rating. CAP specifies that the Lead Assessor ensures consistency, resolves disputes, and provides the authoritative interpretation during the assessment process. Escalation to the CMMC-AB or Quality Assurance would only occur in rare post-assessment review cases, not during an active assessment.
Reference Documents:
* CMMC Assessment Process (CAP), v1.0
NEW QUESTION # 82
What are CUI protection responsibilities?
- A. Governing
- B. Correcting
- C. Safeguarding
- D. Shielding
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 83
Which statement BEST describes a LTP?
- A. Creates DoD-licensed training
- B. Delivers training using some CMMC body of knowledge objectives
- C. Instructs a curriculum approved by CMMC-AB
- D. May market itself as a CMMC-AB Licensed Provider for testing
Answer: C
Explanation:
Understanding Licensed Training Providers (LTPs) in CMMCALicensed Training Provider (LTP)is an entity that is authorized by theCybersecurity Maturity Model Certification Accreditation Body (CMMC-AB) todeliver CMMC trainingbased on anapproved curriculum.
* Provides CMMC-AB-approved training programsfor individuals seeking CMMC certifications.
* Uses an official CMMC curriculumthat aligns with theCMMC Body of Knowledge (BoK)and other CMMC-AB guidance.
* Prepares students for CMMC roles, such asCertified CMMC Assessors (CCA) and Certified CMMC Professionals (CCP).
Key Responsibilities of an LTP:
* A. Creates DoD-licensed training # Incorrect
* TheCMMC-AB, not the DoD, manages LTP licensing. LTPsdo not create new training contentbut mustfollow an approved curriculum.
* B. Instructs a curriculum approved by CMMC-AB # Correct
* LTPsteacha curriculum that has beenapproved by the CMMC-AB, ensuring consistency in CMMC training.
* C. May market itself as a CMMC-AB Licensed Provider for testing # Incorrect
* LTPs provide training, not testing. Testing is handled byLicensed Partner Publishers (LPPs)and exam bodies.
* D. Delivers training using some CMMC body of knowledge objectives # Incorrect
* LTPs mustfully adhereto theCMMC-AB-approved curriculum, not just "some" objectives.
Why is the Correct Answer "Instructs a curriculum approved by CMMC-AB" (B)?
* CMMC-AB Licensed Training Provider (LTP) Program Guidelines
* Defines LTPs as entities thatdeliver CMMC-AB-approved training programs.
* CMMC Body of Knowledge (BoK)
* Specifies that training must follow theCMMC-AB-approved curriculumto ensure standardization.
* CMMC-AB Training & Certification Framework
* Requires LTPs todeliver structured training that meets CMMC-AB guidelines.
CMMC 2.0 References Supporting This Answer:
Final Answer:#B. Instructs a curriculum approved by CMMC-AB
NEW QUESTION # 84
An OSC performing a CMMC Level 1 Self-Assessment uses a legacy Windows 95 computer, which is the only system that can run software that the government contract requires. Why can this asset be considered out of scope?
- A. It is government property
- B. It is operational technology
- C. It is a restricted IS
- D. It handles CUI
Answer: C
Explanation:
A Restricted Information System (IS) is defined as an asset that cannot meet modern security controls but is still needed for contract performance. These systems may be declared out of scope if they are properly isolated, mitigated, and documented. A legacy Windows 95 computer meets the definition of a restricted IS.
Supporting Extracts from Official Content:
* CMMC Scoping Guide (Level 2): "Restricted IS assets are those that cannot reasonably apply security requirements due to legacy or operational constraints. They are not assessed but must be identified and protected by alternative methods." Why Option B is Correct:
* The Windows 95 system is an example of a restricted IS, so it can be scoped out.
* Option A is incorrect - the asset is not handling CUI in this case.
* Option C is incorrect - government property designation does not define scope.
* Option D is incorrect - while it is "legacy," it is not classified as OT; the correct CMMC term is restricted IS.
References (Official CMMC v2.0 Content):
* CMMC Scoping Guide, Level 1 and Level 2 - Restricted IS definition.
NEW QUESTION # 85
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