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NEW QUESTION # 599
IS 審計員發現應用程式伺服器的安全設定不一致，從而導致潛在的漏洞。下列哪一項是 IS 審計員的最佳建議？
- A. 執行設定審核
- B. 執行滲透測試
- C. 改善變更管理流程
- D. 建立安全指標。
Answer: A
Explanation:
The best recommendation by the IS auditor for finding that application servers had inconsistent security settings leading to potential vulnerabilities is to perform a configuration review. A configuration review is an audit procedure that involves examining and verifying the security settings and parameters of application servers against predefined standards or best practices. A configuration review can help to identify and remediate any deviations, inconsistencies, or misconfigurations that may expose the application servers to unauthorized access, exploitation, or compromise6. A configuration review can also help to ensure compliance with security policies and regulations, as well as enhance the performance and availability of application servers. The other options are less effective or incorrect because:
* A. Improving the change management process is not the best recommendation by the IS auditor for finding that application servers had inconsistent security settings leading to potential vulnerabilities, as it does not address the root cause of the problem or provide a specific solution. While improving the change management process may help to prevent future inconsistencies or misconfigurations in application server settings, it does not ensure that the existing ones are detected and corrected.
* B. Establishing security metrics is not the best recommendation by the IS auditor for finding that application servers had inconsistent security settings leading to potential vulnerabilities, as it does not address the root cause of the problem or provide a specific solution. While establishing security metrics may help to measure and monitor the security performance and posture of application servers, it does not ensure that the existing inconsistencies or misconfigurations in application server settings are detected and corrected.
* C. Performing a penetration test is not the best recommendation by the IS auditor for finding that application servers had inconsistent security settings leading to potential vulnerabilities, as it does not address the root cause of the problem or provide a specific solution. While performing a penetration test may help to simulate and evaluate the impact of an attack on application servers, it does not ensure that the existing inconsistencies or misconfigurations in application server settings are detected and corrected. References: Configuring system to use application server security - IBM, Application Security Risk: Assessment and Modeling - ISACA, Five Key Components of an Application Security Program - ISACA, ISACA Practitioner Guidelines for Auditors - SSH, SCADA Cybersecurity Framework - ISACA
NEW QUESTION # 600
下列哪一種安全措施對於保護物聯網 (IoT) 裝置免受潛在的網路攻擊最為重要？
- A. 更改預設密碼
- B. 確認韌體符合目前安全要求
- C. 記錄並監控網路流量
- D. 定期檢討並更新網路圖
Answer: A
Explanation:
Changing default passwords is a critical security measure for IoT devices. Many IoT devices come with default credentials that are widely known and easily exploitable by attackers. Ensuring that these default passwords are changed to strong, unique passwords significantly reduces the risk of unauthorized access.
While logging, monitoring, firmware compliance, and network diagram reviews are important security practices, they are secondary to the fundamental step of securing device access through strong authentication.
References:
* ISACA CISA Review Manual, 28th Edition, Chapter 5: Protection of Information Assets.
NEW QUESTION # 601
在審核組織的 IT 策略制定流程時，資訊系統審核員最應該關注下列哪一項？
- A. 未執行業務影響分析 (BIA) 支援 IT 策略
- B. 資訊安全並未作為 IT 策略計畫的關鍵目標。
- C. IT 策略是在商業計劃之前製定的
- D. IT策略是根據目前IT能力製定的
Answer: B
Explanation:
The greatest concern for an IS auditor when auditing an organization's IT strategy development process is that information security was not included as a key objective in the IT strategic plan. Information security is a vital component of IT strategy, as it ensures the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information assets, and supports the business objectives and regulatory compliance. The other options are not as significant as the lack of information security in the IT strategic plan. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter
1, Section 1.31
NEW QUESTION # 602
下列哪一項是 IS 稽核員針對降低與應用程式介面 (API) 整合實施相關的竊聽風險的最佳建議？
- A. 實施傳輸層安全性 (TLS)。
- B. 屏蔽 API 端點。
- C. 加密可擴充標記語言 (XML) 檔案。
- D. 實作簡單物件存取協定 (SOAP)。
Answer: A
Explanation:
The best recommendation to mitigate the risk of eavesdropping associated with an API integration implementation is to implement Transport Layer Security (TLS). TLS is a cryptographic protocol that provides secure communication over a network by encrypting the data in transit and authenticating the parties involved.
TLS can prevent unauthorized parties from intercepting, modifying or tampering with the data exchanged between the API endpoints. Encrypting the XML file, implementing SOAP, and masking the API endpoints are not sufficient to mitigate the risk of eavesdropping, as they do not provide end-to-end encryption or authentication for the API communication. References: IS Audit and Assurance Tools and Techniques, CISA Certification | Certified Information Systems Auditor | ISACA
NEW QUESTION # 603
下列哪一項是降低破產軟體即服務 (SaaS) 提供者不再提供服務風險的最佳方法？
- A. 備份軟體處理的數據
- B. 與第三人簽訂軟體託管協議
- C. 在合約中包含服務等級協定 (SLA)
- D. 保留軟體副本以備緊急情況使用
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 604
資訊系統審計員對最近的一起安全事件進行了跟踪，發現事件響應不夠充分。下列哪項發現應視為最關鍵？
- A. 無法追溯到攻擊發動者。
- B. 未辨識出促進攻擊的安全漏洞。
- C. 入侵偵測系統 (IDS) 未自動阻止此攻擊。
- D. 未維護適當的回應文件。
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 605
IS 審計員在審查內部 IT 標準時指出的下列哪項觀察結果最需要解決？
- A. 該標準在去年沒有進行過修訂。
- B. 這些標準沒有參考業界認可的架構。
- C. 組織範圍內的使用者無法輕易取得這些標準。
- D. 政策和程序中
沒有詳細說明標準。
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 606
在評估透過遠端呼叫中心雙向複製客戶資料庫的建議項目時，IS 審核員應確保：
- A. 來源資料庫在兩個站點上都備份。
- B. 資料庫衝突在複製過程中進行管理。
- C. 兩個資料庫上的使用者權限相同。
- D. 最終使用者接受複製過程訓練。
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
A database conflict occurs when the same data is modified at two separate servers, such as a customer database and a remote call center database, and the changes are not consistent with each other. For example, if a customer updates their phone number at the customer database, and a call center agent updates the same customer's address at the remote call center database, there is a conflict between the two updates. Database conflicts can cause data inconsistency, corruption, or loss if they are not detected and resolved properly.
Two-way replication is a process of synchronizing data between two databases, so that any changes made in one database are reflected in the other database, and vice versa. Two-way replication can improve data availability, performance, and scalability, but it also increases the risk of database conflicts. Therefore, when assessing a proposed project for the two-way replication of a customer database with a remote call center, the IS auditor should ensure that database conflicts are managed during replication. This means that the project should have a clear and effective strategy for:
Preventing or minimizing database conflicts by using techniques such as locking, timestamping, or partitioning.
Detecting or identifying database conflicts by using tools such as triggers, logs, or alerts.
Resolving or handling database conflicts by using methods such as priority-based, rule-based, or user-based resolution.
The other possible options are:
B: end users are trained in the replication process: This is not a relevant or important factor for the IS auditor to ensure when assessing a proposed project for the two-way replication of a customer database with a remote call center. End users are not directly involved in the replication process, and they do not need to have detailed knowledge or skills about how replication works. The replication process should be transparent and seamless to the end users, and they should only interact with the data through their applications or interfaces.
C: the source database is backed up on both sites: This is not a sufficient or necessary factor for the IS auditor to ensure when assessing a proposed project for the two-way replication of a customer database with a remote call center. Backing up the source database on both sites can provide some level of data protection and recovery, but it does not address the issue of database conflicts that can occur during replication. Moreover, backing up the source database on both sites may not be feasible or efficient, as it may consume more storage space and network bandwidth, and introduce more complexity and overhead to the replication process.
D: user rights are identical on both databases: This is not a critical or relevant factor for the IS auditor to ensure when assessing a proposed project for the two-way replication of a customer database with a remote call center. User rights are the permissions or privileges that users have to access or modify data in a database. User rights do not directly affect the occurrence or resolution of database conflicts during replication. User rights may vary depending on the role or function of the users in different databases, and they should be defined and enforced according to the security policies and requirements of each database.
NEW QUESTION # 607
由於持續的人員短缺，系統開發項目正在延遲。下列哪項策略可以為實施時的系統品質提供最大的保證？
- A. 對所有開發人員實施加班費和獎金。
- B. 招募 IS 員工以加速系統開發。
- C. 利用新的系統開發工具來提高生產力。
- D. 在初始目標日期僅交付核心功能。
Answer: D
Explanation:
The strategy that would provide the greatest assurance of system quality at implementation is delivering only the core functionality on the initial target date. This strategy can help avoid compromising the quality of the system by focusing on the essential features that meet the user needs and expectations. Delivering only the core functionality can also help reduce the scope creep, complexity, and testing efforts of the system development project.
Implementing overtime pay and bonuses for all development staff, utilizing new system development tools to improve productivity, and recruiting IS staff to expedite system development are not strategies that would provide the greatest assurance of system quality at implementation. These strategies may help speed up the system development process, but they may also introduce new risks or challenges such as burnout, learning curve, integration issues, or communication gaps. These risks or challenges may adversely affect the quality of the system.
NEW QUESTION # 608
下列哪一項是航空公司 IT 管理階層持續監控關鍵綜合航班時刻表和支付應用程式的控制權的主要原因？
- A. 確保航班預訂付款已處理
- B. 確保有效識別並降低風險
- C. 偵測並應對可能的攻擊
- D. 確保遵守政策和程序
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 609
在實施新的資料分類流程時，下列哪些領域最有可能被忽略？
- A. 發送給供應商的數據
- B. 新系統應用程式
- C. 電子郵件附件
- D. 最終使用者計算 (EUC) 系統
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 610
下列哪一項控制對於確保系統介面的完整性最重要？
- A. IT 操作員監控
- B. 檔案校驗和
- C. 檔案計數
- D. 定期審核
Answer: B
Explanation:
File checksums are values that are calculated from the contents of a file and can detect any changes or corruption in the file. They are used to verify that the files that are transferred or processed through system interfaces are not altered in any way. File checksums are more effective than periodic audits, file counts, or IT operator monitoring, which are other types of controls that can help ensure the integrity of system interfaces, but they are not as reliable or timely as file checksums.
NEW QUESTION # 611
下列哪一種績效管理工具最能幫助 IS 審計師評估組織 IT 策略執行和執行的成功程度？
- A. 六西格瑪
- B. IT 指標儀表板
- C. IT 基準測試
- D. 能力成熟度模型
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
An IT metrics dashboard provides real-time monitoring and reporting on key IT performance indicators (KPIs), allowing auditors and management to evaluate the effectiveness of IT strategy implementation and execution.
* Option A (Benchmarking): Useful for comparisons with peers but not for ongoing execution.
* Option B (Maturity models): Assess long-term process maturity, not direct strategy execution.
* Option C (Six Sigma): Focuses on process improvement, not IT strategy monitoring.
* Option D: Correct - dashboards link strategy to measurable outcomes.
# ISACA Reference: CISA Review Manual 27th Edition, Domain 1, section on IT strategy, governance metrics, and performance dashboards.
NEW QUESTION # 612
下列哪一項可以最大程度地保證中間件應用程式從多個銷售交易資料庫中編譯資料以進行預測，從而有效運作？
- A. 持續審核
- B. 手動檢查
- C. 自動對賬
- D. 異常報告
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 613
資訊系統審計員正在審查網路的周邊安全設計。下列哪一項可以最大程度地保證傳出網路流量受到控制？
- A. 狀態防火牆
- B. 負載平衡器
- C. 安全資訊與事件管理 (SIEM) 系統
- D. 入侵偵測系統（IDS）
Answer: A
Explanation:
A stateful firewall provides the greatest assurance that outgoing Internet traffic is controlled, as it monitors and filters packets based on their source, destination and connection state. A stateful firewall can prevent unauthorized or malicious traffic from leaving the network, as well as block incoming traffic that does not match an established connection. An intrusion detection system (IDS) can detect and alert on suspicious or anomalous traffic, but it does not block or control it. A security information and event management (SIEM) system can collect and analyze logs and events from various sources, but it does not directly control traffic. A load balancer can distribute traffic among multiple servers, but it does not filter or monitor it. References: CISA ReviewManual (Digital Version), Chapter 6, Section 6.2
NEW QUESTION # 614
下列哪一項應該是審查組織業務連續性計劃 (BCP) 的 IS 審計員最關心的問題？
- A. BCP 尚未獲得高階管理層的批准。
- B. BCP 的聯絡資訊需要更新
- C. BCP 不受版本控制。
- D. BCP 自首次發布以來尚未經過測試。
Answer: D
Explanation:
The greatest concern for an IS auditor reviewing an organization's business continuity plan (BCP) is that the BCP has not been tested since it was first issued. A BCP is a document that describes how an organization will continue its critical business functions in the event of a disruption or disaster. A BCP should include information such as roles and responsibilities, recovery strategies, resources, procedures, communication plans, and backup arrangements3. Testing the BCP is a vital step in ensuring its validity, effectiveness, and readiness. Testing the BCP involves simulating various scenarios and executing the BCP to verify whether it meets its objectives and requirements. Testing the BCP can also help to identify and correct any gaps, errors, or weaknesses in the BCP before they become issues during a real incident4. Therefore, an IS auditor should be concerned if the BCP has not been tested since it was first issued, as it may indicate that the BCP is outdated, inaccurate, incomplete, or ineffective. The other options are less concerning or incorrect because:
* A. The BCP's contact information needs to be updated is not a great concern for an IS auditor reviewing an organization's BCP, as it is a minor issue that can be easily fixed. Contact information refers to the names, phone numbers, email addresses, or other details of the people involved in the BCP execution or communication. Contact information needs to be updated regularly to reflect any changes in personnel or roles. While having outdated contact information may cause some delays or confusion during a BCP activation, it does not affect the overall validity or effectiveness of the BCP.
* B. The BCP is not version controlled is not a great concern for an IS auditor reviewing an organization' s BCP, as it is a moderate issue that can be improved. Version control refers to the process of tracking and managing changes made to the BCP over time. Version control helps to ensure that only authorized changes are made to the BCP and that there is a clear record of who made what changes when and why.
Version control also helps to avoid conflicts or inconsistencies among different versions of the BCP.
While having no version control may cause some difficulties or risks in maintaining and updating the BCP, it does not affect the overall validity or effectiveness of the BCP.
* C. The BCP has not been approved by senior management is not a great concern for an IS auditor reviewing an organization's BCP, as it is a high-level issue that can be resolved. Approval by senior management refers to the formal endorsement and support of the BCP by the top executives or leaders of the organization. Approval by senior management helps to ensure that the BCP is aligned with the organization's strategy, objectives, and priorities, and that it has sufficient resources and authority to be implemented. Approval by senior management also helps to increase the awareness and commitment of the organization's stakeholders to the BCP. While having no approval by senior management may affect the credibility and acceptance of the BCP, it does not affect the overall validity or effectiveness of the BCP. References: Working Toward a Managed, Mature Business Continuity Plan - ISACA, ISACA Introduces New Audit Programs for Business Continuity/Disaster ..., Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Preparedness for Cloud-based ...
NEW QUESTION # 615
當後續審計發現某些管理行動計畫尚未啟動時，資訊系統審計師應該先做什麼？
- A. 向審計委員會提供報告。
- B. 將計劃未完成的情況上報給執行管理階層。
- C. 確認已識別的風險是否仍然有效。
- D. 請進行額外的行動計劃審查以確認調查結果。
Answer: B
Explanation:
The first thing that an IS auditor should do when a follow-up audit reveals some management action plans have not been initiated is to escalate the lack of plan completion to executive management. This is because the failure to implement the agreed management action plans may indicate that the management is not taking the audit findings and recommendations seriously, or that they are accepting too much risk by not addressing the identified issues. Escalating the lack of plan completion to executive management can help to raise awareness and accountability, as well as to seek support and intervention to ensure that the management action plans are executed in a timely and effective manner12.
Confirming whether the identified risks are still valid is not the first thing to do, although it may be a useful step to reassess the current situation and the potential impact of not implementing the management action plans. However, confirming the validity of the risks does not address the root cause of why the management action plans have not been initiated, nor does it provide any assurance or remediation for the unresolved issues34.
Providing a report to the audit committee is not the first thing to do, although it may be a necessary step to communicate and document the results of the follow-up audit. However, providing a report to the audit committee does not guarantee that the management action plans will be initiated, nor does it resolve any conflicts or challenges that may prevent the management from implementing them34.
Requesting an additional action plan review to confirm the findings is not the first thing to do, although it may be a prudent step to verify and validate the accuracy and completeness of the follow-up audit. However, requesting an additional review may delay or defer the implementation of the management action plans, as well as consume more internal audit resources and time
NEW QUESTION # 616
用於企業連線外部資源的 Web 代理伺服器可透過以下方式降低組織風險：
- A. 負載平衡流量以最佳化資料路徑。
- B. 提供比直接存取更快的回應。
- C. 提供多重身份驗證以提高安全性。
- D. 透過更改 IP 位址對使用者進行匿名化。
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 617
下列哪一項最能證明 IT 策略與組織目標一致？
- A. 業務利害關係人參與 IT 策略的批准。
- B. 將組織策略傳達給資訊長 (CIO)。
- C. 資訊長 (CIO) 參與批准組織策略
- D. IT 策略已傳達給所有業務利害關係人
Answer: A
Explanation:
Business stakeholders being involved in approving the IT strategy best demonstrates that IT strategy is aligned with organizational goals and objectives. IT strategy is a plan that defines how IT resources and capabilities will support and enable the achievement of business goals and objectives. Business stakeholders are the individuals or groups who have an interest or influence in the organization's activities and outcomes.
By involving business stakeholders in approving the IT strategy, the organization can ensure that the IT strategy reflects and supports the business needs, expectations, and priorities. The other options do not necessarily indicate that IT strategy is aligned with organizational goals and objectives, as they do not involve the participation or feedback of business stakeholders. References: CISA Review Manual, 27th Edition, page
97
NEW QUESTION # 618
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