ECP-206 Free Study Guide! with New Update 62 Exam Questions
Get up-to-date Real Exam Questions for ECP-206 UPDATED [2024]
NEW QUESTION # 31
How is a BGP session established between two routers?
- A. The BGP router sends a multicast HELLO packet.
- B. The BGP router sends a multicast CONNECT message.
- C. The BGP router sends a unicast OPEN message.
- D. The BGP router sends a unicast NOTIFICATION message.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
A BGP session is established between two routers by sending a unicast OPEN message. BGP uses TCP as its transport protocol, which means that before exchanging any BGP information, a TCP connection must be established between the routers. The TCP connection uses port 179 as both source and destination port. After establishing a TCP connection, each router sends an OPEN message to its neighbor, containing parameters such as BGP version number, AS number, hold time, BGP identifier, and optional capabilities. The OPEN message also serves as a keepalive message for BGP. If both routers agree on these parameters, they proceed to exchange UPDATE messages containing routing information and establish a BGP session.
A BGP router does not send a NOTIFICATION message to establish a session, but rather to terminate a session due to an error or a manual shutdown. A BGP router does not send a CONNECT message, as this is a TCP state, not a BGP message. A BGP router does not send a multicast HELLO packet, as this is an OSPF message, not a BGP message. References: BGP Neighbor States > BGP Fundamentals | Cisco Press, Demystifying BGP Session Establishments - Packet Pushers, The TCP/IP Guide - BGP Connection Establishment: Open Messages
NEW QUESTION # 32
What is the correct abbreviation for the IP address: BFEA:DACA:0000:0000:9390:0000:0000:D91?
- A. BFEA:DACA::9390:0:0:D91
- B. BFEA:DACA::D91/6
- C. BFEA:DACA::9390:0:D91
- D. BFEA:DACA::9390::D91
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct abbreviation for the IP address BFEA:DACA:0000:0000:9390:0000:0000:D91 is BFEA:DACA::9390:0:D91. IPv6 addresses are represented in hexadecimal notation, with eight 16-bit segments separated by colons. To simplify the address representation, IPv6 supports two types of abbreviations. The first abbreviation allows us to skip leading zeros within a segment, while the second abbreviation allows us to drop one or more consecutive segments that contain only zeros, using a double colon (::) instead. However, the double colon can be used only once in an address, to avoid ambiguity34.
References: IPv6 Address Types, Notation, and Structure Explained, IPv6 address - Wikipedia
NEW QUESTION # 33
IPv6 link-local addresses are designed to be used in which three situations? (Choose three.)
- A. for neighbor discovery
- B. when routers are not present
- C. for local IP communication on the IPv6 capable routers
- D. addressing on a single link for purposes such as auto-address configuration
- E. by routers to forward packets with link-local source addresses to other links
Answer: A,C,D
Explanation:
Explanation
IPv6 link-local addresses are designed to be used in three situations: for neighbor discovery, for local IP communication on the IPv6 capable routers, and for addressing on a single link for purposes such as auto-address configuration. Neighbor discovery is a protocol that allows IPv6 nodes to discover each other and learn their link-layer addresses on a local network. Neighbor discovery uses link-local addresses to send and receive messages such as router advertisements, router solicitations, neighbor advertisements, and neighbor solicitations34. Local IP communication on the IPv6 capable routers refers to the ability of routers to exchange routing information or management traffic using their link-local addresses as source and destination addresses. This reduces the need for global unicast addresses on router interfaces that are not reachable from outside the local network35. Addressing on a single link for purposes such as auto-address configuration refers to the use of link-local addresses to enable IPv6 nodes to obtain an address without manual configuration or a DHCP server. Link-local addresses can be automatically derived from the interface identifier in the modified EUI-64 format or randomly generated. Link-local addresses can also be used to test the connectivity of a link before obtaining a global unicast address36.
References: Understand the IPv6 Link-Local Address - Cisco, Link Local Address - GeeksforGeeks, IPv6 Address Types | Link-Local, Global Unicast, etc. IPCisco, MPLS Label Distribution Protocol Commands - Cisco
NEW QUESTION # 34
Review the exhibit.
Referring to the exhibit, which two Ericsson routers support the 100GE interface? (Choose two.)
- A. Router 6273
- B. Router 6672
- C. Router 6471
- D. Router 6675
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Explanation
Referring to the exhibit, the two Ericsson routers that support the 100GE interface are Router 6675 and Router
6672. The 100GE interface is a high-speed Ethernet interface that operates at 100 gigabits per second. The Ericsson Router 6000 series is a family ofrouters that provide IP transport for mobile and fixed networks. The Router 6675 is a 5G combined access and E-RAN switch with 100GE interfaces and 320Gb forwarding capacity. The Router 6672 is a high-capacity metro aggregation router with 100GE interfaces and 1.6Tb forwarding capacity12.
References: Router 6000 Series - Ericsson, New Ericsson Router 6000 series couples radio and IP transport for
5G future - Global Brands Magazine
NEW QUESTION # 35
In an Ericsson Router 6000, which command is used to begin making changes to the router settings?
- A. capabilities
- B. set metric
- C. configure
- D. commit
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The command that is used to begin making changes to the router settings in an Ericsson Router 6000 is configure. This command enters the configuration mode, where various commands can be used to modify the router parameters, such as interfaces, protocols, services, security, etc. To exit the configuration mode, the command end can be used. To save the changes made in the configuration mode, the command commit can be used56.
References: Router 6000 Series - Ericsson, Ericsson Router 6000 series (6471/6672/6675) Commands for
2G/3G/4G/5G technologies... - YouTube
NEW QUESTION # 36
Which two statements are true about link-state routing protocols? (Choose two.)
- A. Each router uses a reliable update mechanism to exchange topology information with its neighbors.
C Link-state routing protocols mainly use hop-counts to determine the link cost - B. A distance vector algorithm is very processor intensive compared to Dijkstra's algorithm.
- C. The advertisement exchange is mainly triggered by a change in the network.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Explanation
Link-state routing protocols are one of the two main classes of routing protocols used in packet switching networks for computer communications, the other being distance-vector routing protocols. Examples of link-state routing protocols include Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS). The basic concept of link-state routing is that every node constructs a map of the connectivity to the network, in the form of a graph, showing which nodes are connected to which other nodes. Each node then independently calculates the next best logical path from it to every possible destination in the network.
Each collection of best paths will then form each node's routing table.
Two statements that are true about link-state routing protocols are:
The advertisement exchange is mainly triggered by a change in the network. Link-state routing protocols use a flooding mechanism to distribute information about the network topology to all routers in the same area or domain. This information is encapsulated in link-state packets (LSPs) or link-state advertisements (LSAs), which contain information about the router, its directly connected links, and the state of those links. LSPs or LSAs are sent only when there is a change in the topology, such as a link failure or recovery, or when a periodic refresh timer expires. This way, link-state routing protocols can quickly adapt to network changes and maintain an accurate and consistent view of the network.
Each router uses a reliable update mechanism to exchange topology information with its neighbors.
Link-state routing protocols use a reliable update mechanism to ensure that all routers receive and acknowledge the LSPs or LSAs sent by their neighbors. This mechanism involves sending hello messages to establish and maintain adjacencies with neighbors, sending acknowledgment messages to confirm the receipt of LSPs or LSAs, and requesting missing or outdated LSPs or LSAs from neighbors.
This mechanism ensures that all routers have a synchronized database of LSPs or LSAs, which is used to build a complete network connectivity map and to calculate the shortest path to destinations.
References: Link-state routing protocol - Wikipedia, Ericsson IP Networking - Routing Protocols
NEW QUESTION # 37
How many different priorities are available to use in a VLAN header?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
There are 8 different priorities available to use in a VLAN header. A VLAN header is a 4-byte field that is inserted into an Ethernet frame to indicate the VLAN membership and priority of the frame. The VLAN header consists of two subfields: the tag protocol identifier (TPID) and the tag control information (TCI). The TCI subfield contains three subfields: the priority code point (PCP), the drop eligible indicator (DEI), and the VLAN identifier (VID). The PCP subfield is a 3-bit field that specifies the priority level of the frame, ranging from 0 (lowest) to 7 (highest). The PCP values can be used to implement quality of service (QoS) mechanisms on bridges and switches12.
References: HTML rt Tag - W3Schools, VLAN 0 Priority Tagging Support - Cisco
NEW QUESTION # 38
Review the exhibit.
A service provider wants to provide L3VPN for two customers (indicated by red and green in the exhibit).
Referring to the exhibit, which statement is correct?
- A. The service provider's P routers are not aware of the customers' routes.
- B. The two customers cannot use overlapping IP prefixes.
- C. MP-BGP should be configured on all the service provider's routers (Ps and PEs).
- D. LDP must be configured between PE and CE
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Referring to the exhibit, the correct statement is that the service provider's P routers are not aware of the customers' routes. This is because P routers only need to forward MPLS packets based on their labels, without looking into their IP headers or VPN information. The P routers do not have any VRFs configured for the customers, nor do they participate in MP-BGP sessions with other PE routers. The PE routers are responsible for maintaining VRFs for each customer and for exchanging VPN routes with other PE routers using MP-BGP910.
References: Layer 3 VPNs (L3VPN) - Cisco, MPLS VPN - Wikipedia
NEW QUESTION # 39
P routers forward packets based on the ______.
- A. flow label
- B. LSP label
- C. inner label
- D. VPN label
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
P routers forward packets based on the LSP label. The LSP label is the label that corresponds to the label-switched path (LSP) that is established between two PE routers in an MPLS network. The LSP label is also called the outer label or the transport label, because it is used to transport packets across the MPLS core network. P routers are also called LSRs (label switch routers) or transit routers, because they switch packets based on their labels or remove the labels. P routers do not need to look at the IP header or any other information in the packet, except for the top label in the label stack. P routers perform one of three possible operations on labels: swap, pop, or PHP (penultimate hop popping). In a swap operation, the label is swapped with a new label, and the packet is forwarded along the path associated with the new label. In a pop operation, the label is removed from the packet, and the packet is forwarded based on its IP header or another label in the stack. In a PHP operation, the label is removed from the packet at the last P router before reaching the egress PE router, and the packet is forwarded without any label to the egress PE router.
The LSP label is different from other types of labels that may be used in MPLS networks, such as VPN labels or service labels. These labels are used to identify different VPNs or services that run over MPLS networks, such as Layer 2 VPNs, Layer 3 VPNs, traffic engineering, or QoS. These labels are also called inner labels or payload labels, because they are related to the payload of the packet. These labels are not used by P routers for forwarding decisions, but only by PE routers for delivering packets to their destinations.
Therefore, the answer is C.
References: Ericsson IP Networking - Routing Protocols, MPLS Fundamentals: Forwarding Labeled Packets - Cisco Press, MPLS Labels and Devices - NetworkLessons.com, Multiprotocol Label Switching - Wikipedia, VPN Packet Forwarding > MPLS/VPN Architecture Overview | Cisco Press, Basic concepts - Hewlett Packard Enterprise
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which two statements are true about the Ericsson Router 6000 series? (Choose two.)
- A. The Router 6000 is solely built as a radio cell site router.
- B. The Router 6000 uses the same building practice and accessories as the Ericsson Radio System.
- C. The Router 6000 products range from all-outdoor small site routers to large aggregation routers.
- D. The Router 6000 can host containerized applications such as firewalls.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Explanation
Two statements that are true about the Ericsson Router 6000 series are:
The Router 6000 uses the same building practice and accessories as the Ericsson Radio System. The Ericsson Radio System is a modular and scalableradio access network solution that supports multiple standards, bands, and layers. The Router 6000 series is fully integrated into the Ericsson Radio System, using the same building practice and accessories such as mounting kits, cables, power supplies, etc. This simplifies installation, operation, and maintenance of both radio and transport equipment78.
The Router 6000 products range from all-outdoor small site routers to large aggregation routers. The Router 6000 series consists of three main products: the Router 6672 for access, the Router 6675 for pre-aggregation, and the Router 6274 for metro aggregation. The Router 6672 is an all-outdoor small cell site router with high-capacity and low-power consumption. The Router 6675 is a combined access and E-RAN switch with hardware-accelerated IPSec and high-accuracy internal clock. The Router 6274 is a high-capacity metro aggregation router with SDN functionality and flexible interface options78.
References: Router 6000 Series - Ericsson, New Ericsson Router 6000 series couples radio and IP transport for 5G future - Global Brands Magazine
NEW QUESTION # 41
Review the exhibit.
In the exhibit, which action is performed by router R4?
- A. swap
- B. push
- C. pop
- D. PHP
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
In the exhibit, router R4 is performing a swap action. This means that router R4 is replacing the incoming label with a new label and forwarding the packet to the next hop along the LSP. In this case, router R4 receives a packet with label 20 from router R3 and swaps it with label 30 before sending it to router R5.
The exhibit shows an example of an MPLS network with four routers: R1, R2, R3, and R4. Router R1 is the ingress PE router and router R4 is the egress PE router. Router R2 and R3 are P routers. Router R1 assigns label 10 to the packet and sends it to router R2. Router R2 swaps label 10 with label 20 and sends it to router R3. Router R3 swaps label 20 with label 30 and sends it to router R4. Router R4 removes label 30 from the packet and forwards it based on its IP header or another label in the stack.
Therefore, the answer is D.
References: MPLS Label Switching | MPLS Operation | Push, Swap,Push IPCisco, A Complete Guide to Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) - G2, Multiprotocol Label Switching - Wikipedia
NEW QUESTION # 42
Which two statements are true regarding the LSP? (Choose two.)
- A. The LSP refers to a specific label assigned to a packet by the LSR for a destination.
- B. The LSP refers to a sequence of routers that add, remove, or change label values based on the destination MAC address.
- C. The LSP refers to a sequence of routers that add. remove, or change label values along the path.
- D. The LSP refers to a sequence of routers that forward the MPLS packet based on labels.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Explanation
Two statements that are true regarding the LSP are:
The LSP refers to a sequence of routers that forward the MPLS packet based on labels. An LSP is a Label Switched Path, which is a path through an MPLS network that is established by signaling protocols such as LDP or RSVP-TE. An LSP consists of a sequence of routers (called Label Switching Routers or LSRs) that forward packets based on labels rather than IP addresses. Labels are short fixed-length identifiers that are attached to packets at the ingress router and removed at the egress router. Labels can be swapped or popped at intermediate routers according to their label forwarding tables78.
The LSP refers to a sequence of routers that add, remove, or change label values along the path. As mentioned above, an LSP consists of a sequence of routers that forward packets based on labels. Along the path, different routers may perform different operations on the labels depending on their role and configuration. The ingress router adds one or more labels to the packet before sending it into the MPLS network. The egress router removes all labels from the packet before sending it out of the MPLS network. The intermediate routers may swap one label with another label according to their label forwarding tables. This process is called label switching78.
References: MPLS Fundamentals: 3 - MPLS Packet Forwarding, Multiprotocol Label Switching - Wikipedia
NEW QUESTION # 43
For IP destinations not found in the IS-IS Level 1 database, the Level 1 router must forward packets to the nearest Level 1-Level 2 router with which set?
- A. overload bit
- B. options bit
- C. status bit
- D. attach bit
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
For IP destinations not found in the IS-IS Level 1 database, the Level 1 router must forward packets to the nearest Level 1-Level 2 router with the attach bit set. The attach bit is a flag in the IS-IS Level 1 LSP that indicates that the router is also a Level 2 router and can reach destinations outside the Level 1 area. The Level
1 router will install a default route pointing to the nearest Level 1-Level 2 router with the attach bit set. This way, the Level 1 router can forward packets to other areas without having to maintain a full Level 2 database. References: Ericsson IP Networking - Routing Protocols, Configure Attach Bit Set - Cisco
NEW QUESTION # 44
In OSPFv2, which route characteristic is used to determine the best path?
- A. jitter
- B. delay
- C. cost
- D. packet loss
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
In OSPFv2, the route characteristic that is used to determine the best path is the cost. The cost is a metric that represents the link bandwidth, delay, reliability, or other factors. The cost is inversely proportional to the bandwidth, meaning that a higher bandwidth link has a lower cost. The cost of a route is calculated by adding the costs of all links along the path. OSPFv2 uses the following formula to calculate the cost of an interface:
Cost = Reference bandwidth / Interface bandwidth in bps
The reference bandwidth is a constant value that can be configured by the network administrator. By default, it is 100 Mbps. The interface bandwidth is the actual bandwidth of the interface in bits per second. For example, if an interface has a bandwidth of 10 Mbps, its cost would be 100 Mbps / 10 Mbps = 101415.
OSPFv2 does not use jitter, packet loss, or delay as route characteristics to determine the best path. Jitter is the variation in latency or delay between packets. Packet loss is the percentage of packets that are dropped or corrupted during transmission. Delay is the time it takes for a packet to travel from source to destination. These characteristics are not part of the OSPFv2 protocol and are not advertised in OSPFv2 LSAs1617.
References: OSPF Metric cost Calculation Formula Explained - ComputerNetworkingNotes, OSPF Cost - OSPF Routing Protocol Metric Explained - Study-CCNA, Open Shortest Path First - Wikipedia, OSPF Metric
= Cost - Cisco
NEW QUESTION # 45
Which operating system is used in Ericsson Router 6000 products?
- A. ERS
- B. Junos
- C. SE-OS
- D. IPOS
- E. ERS
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation
The operating system used in Ericsson Router 6000 products is ERS (Ericsson Router Software). ERS is based on IPOS (IP Operating System), which is a common operating system for Ericsson's IP portfolio. ERS provides advanced features and functionality for IP transport, such as MPLS, Segment Routing, QoS, IPSec, synchronization, SDN, and more. ERS also supports seamless integration with Ericsson Radio System and Ericsson Network Manager.
References: Router 6000 Series - Ericsson, Router 6675 Datasheet - Winncom
NEW QUESTION # 46
What is the maximum number of unique VLAN IDs available?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The maximum number of unique VLAN IDs available is 4096. A VLAN ID is a 12-bit identifier that can range from 0 to 4095. However, VLAN ID 0 is reserved for tagging the priority of frames and VLAN ID 4095 is reserved for implementation use, so only VLAN IDs from 1 to 4094 are available for user configuration78.
VLAN IDs are used to identify different broadcast domains or subnets on a Layer 2 network. VLAN IDs are carried in the IEEE 802.1Q tag in the Ethernet frame header.
References: What is a virtual LAN (VLAN) and how does it work with my managed switch? - NETGEAR Support, Virtual LANs (VLANs) - Cisco
NEW QUESTION # 47
Which two statements are true about router node hardening? (Choose two.)
- A. IPsec should be implemented to secure IGP routing protocols.
- B. Enabling syslog ensures system events are logged to a remote server.
- C. LDAP, using the TLS protocol, should be implemented for remote logging.
- D. Any unnecessary services should be disabled within each context.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Explanation
Two statements that are true about router node hardening are:
Any unnecessary services should be disabled within each context. Router node hardening is a process of securing a router from unauthorized access and attacks by applying various configurations and policies.
One of these configurations is to disable any services that are not needed for the router's functionality or purpose, such as telnet, ftp, http, etc. This reduces the attack surface of the router and prevents potential exploits of these services91.
Enabling syslog ensures system events are logged to a remote server. Syslog is a protocol that allows a router to send system messages and events to a remote server for logging and analysis. By enabling syslog on a router, network administrators can monitor the router's activity and performance, troubleshoot problems, detect anomalies, and audit security events101.
References: Cisco Router Hardening Step-by-Step | SANS Institute, Security Hardening Checklist Guide for Cisco Routers/Switches in 10 Steps, CCNA SEC: Router Hardening - Cisco Press
NEW QUESTION # 48
A network operator wants to make sure voice data is prioritized.
In this scenario, to which Ethernet traffic class should it be assigned.
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
A network operator who wants to make sure voice data is prioritized should assign it to Ethernet traffic class 6.
Ethernet traffic class is a term used to refer to the priority code point (PCP) field in the VLAN header of an Ethernet frame. The PCP field is a 3-bit field that can encode up to eight different priority levels, ranging from
0 (lowest) to 7 (highest). The PCP values can be mapped to different types of traffic according to their QoS requirements. The recommended mapping is as follows :
PCP 0: Best effort (default)
PCP 1: Background
PCP 2: Spare
PCP 3: Excellent effort
PCP 4: Controlled load
PCP 5: Video
PCP 6: Voice
PCP 7: Network control
Voice data is a type of real-time traffic that requires the highest priority and lowest delay in the network.
Therefore, it should be assigned to PCP 6, which corresponds to Ethernet traffic class 6 .
References: [IEEE 802.1Q - Wikipedia], [What is "link aggregation" and how does it benefit your network? | PC Gamer]
NEW QUESTION # 49
Which router function advertises external routes in OSPF?
- A. ASBR
- B. backbone router
- C. ABR
- D. designated router
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The router function that advertises external routes in OSPF is ASBR, which stands for Autonomous System Boundary Router. An ASBR is a router that connects an OSPF domain to another routing domain, such as another OSPF domain or a different routing protocol domain. An ASBR can redistribute routes from other routing domains into OSPF as external routes, which are carried in type 5 or type 7 LSAs. External routes have two types: E1 and E2. E1 routes include the cost from the ASBR to the destination, while E2 routes only include the cost advertised by the ASBR34.
References: OSPF External Routes IpCisco, OSPF External Route selection algorithm - Cisco Community
NEW QUESTION # 50
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